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Chicago and many of its suburban areas draw their water from Lake Michigan, but most of northern Illinois's water is pumped from underground wells. Some regions deal with a diminishing supply of water; around Joliet the water table has been reduced hundreds of feet considering that the early 20th century.  Read This  of the state's lakes are manufactured.

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Throughout the state, seasonal temperature level variation also tends to be terrific, with normally cold, snowy winters and hot summers; extremes are rather ameliorated around Lake Michigan. Mean winter temperature levels are about 22 F (6 C) in the north and 37 F (3 C) in the south; summer season equivalents, respectively, are 74 F (23 C) and 80 F (27 C).

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The growing season differs from 205 days in the south to 155 days in the northern most counties. Plant and animal life Illinois vegetational regions are separated into the tallgrass meadow of northern and main Illinois and the oak-hickory forest of the western and southern areas. Only tiny fragments of the initial tallgrass grassy field have actually been maintained, and some little locations have actually been reconstructed; the biggest brought back meadow in the state is Midewin National Tallgrass Grassy Field, near Joliet.

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The inhabitants, requiring wood for fuel and construction product and the lumbering industry, removed the majority of the trees, which left just 10 percent forest cover in Illinois. More than 6,200 square miles (16,000 square km) of forests remain, some 1,100 square miles (2,800 square km) of them in Shawnee National Forest.

Both Northern and Southern wildflowers grow in Illinois, as do a range of trees, such as white pines, tamaracks, walnuts, cypresses, and tupelos. Shawnee National park, southwest of Harrisburg, Illinois. Thanks to the Illinois Department of Business and Economic Opportunity, Bureau of Tourism Prior to 1800 plentiful wildlife roamed the meadows and forests, however bison, bears, wolves, mountain lions (pumas), porcupines, and elk have disappeared.

By the early 21st century the variety of white-tailed deer in the state had actually reached into the hundreds of thousands. Coyotes and foxes can be discovered in forests and other natural areas and, increasingly, around metropolitan areas. Video game birds such as quail and pheasant are not as numerous as in previous times, however waterfowl are abundant during the spring and fall migrations.